Daily Bites of Religious Liberty: A Godly Fight-Series 5:The Scottish Campaign

Oliver Cromwell

Religious Liberty: A Godly Fight:

PEARL LEONA STURGIS·SUNDAY, JULY 29, 2018

Daily Bites of Religious Liberty: A Godly Fight: Reference: American Public School History: “Our Land: Our People:” -- Funk’s Encyclopedia Book 3 (1954) pg 2125: also Google Search: Submitted and highlighted by PL Sturgis:

 Series 1:

Oliver Cromwell’s Military Career:

Bite 1)Church and State Abuses:

Bite 2)The Great Rebellion:

Bite 3)The New Model Army:

Bite 4) The Commonwealth of England:

Bite 5)A Major Problem:

 Series 2:

A Free State:

Bite 6) Instrument of Government:

Bite 7) Ten Military Districts:

Bite 8) The Upper House:

Bite 9) Conducting Foreign Affairs:

Bite 10) Cromwell’s Successor:

 Series 3:

A Vigorous Fight:

Bite 11) Cromwell: The Controversial Statesman:

Bite 12) The Spiritual Awakening Letter:

Bite 13) Defending the arrested:

Bite 14) Based on Biblical Imagery:

Bite 15) In God’s Providence:

Series 4:

The Irish Campaign:

Bite 16) The Biggest Single Threat:

Bite 17) A Major Victory:

Bite 18) The Debates of Cromwell’s Retaliation:

Bite 19) Negotiations to Surrender:

Bite 20) Cromwell: Falsely Accused:

  Series 5: 

The Scottish Campaign:

Bite 21) A Necessary War:

Bite 22) The Battle at Dunbar:

Bite 23) The Battle of Worcester:

Bite 24) Final Stages:

Bite 25) The Dissolution of the Rump Parliament:

 Series 6: 

 The Protectorate: 

Bite 26) Oliver P.

Bite 27) Reforming the Social Order:

Bite 28) Spiritual and Moral Reform:

Bite 29) About the Jewish Community:

Bite 30) A Sword of Justice: Not a Crown:

Religious Liberty: A Godly Fight

Series 5: The Scottish Campaign:

Bite 21) A Necessary War:

Cromwell left Ireland in May 1650 and several months later he invaded Scotland after the Scots had made Charles 2nd the King. Cromwell was much less hostile to Scottish Presbyterians, some of which had been his allies in the first English Civil War. He did not tolerate Catholicism. He described the Scots as a people fearing the Name of God, although deceived in some unscriptural beliefs. He made a famous appeal to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, urging them to see their error of the Royal Alliance. Quoting Cromwell: “I beseech you in the bowels of Christ to think it possible that you may be mistaken.” So that decision to first negotiate with Charles 2nd, so unsuccessful, led Cromwell to believe that war was necessary.

Bite 22) The Battle at Dunbar:

Cromwell’s appeal for a Free State was rejected by the Royalists and he and his veteran troops went on to invade Scotland. At first, his campaign went badly as his men were short of supplies and held up at fortifications manned by Scottish troops. Sickness began to spread in the ranks. Cromwell was on the brink of evacuating his army from Dunbar. However, on the 3rd of September of 1650, Cromwell unexpectedly smashed the main Scottish Army killing 4,000 soldiers and taking another 10,000 prisoners and capturing the Scottish capital of Edinburgh. The victory was of such magnitude that Cromwell called it: “A HIGH ACT OF THE LORD’S PROVIDENCE! It was one of the most signal mercies God had done for England and His people.

Bite 23) The Battle of Worcester:

The year after the Battle at Dunbar Charles 2nd and his allies made a desperate attempt to invade England and capture London while Cromwell was engaged in Scotland but Cromwell followed them south and caught them at Worcester on September 3rd of 1651. (exactly, to the day, one year later. (strangely, it was September 3rd, 7 years later when Cromwell died). At the subsequent battle at Worcester Cromwell’s forces destroyed the last major Scottish Royalist Army. Charles 2nd barely escaped capture at Worcester and fled to exile in France and the Netherlands where he remained until 1660. many of the Scottish prisoners of war that were taken in the Campaign died of diseases. Others were sent as laborers in the colonies to fight the battle of religious liberty. The editor of “The Great Rebellion” article in the “Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th edition” noted that compared to the first Civil War battle, the Battle of Worcester was a battle of maneuvers which the English Parliament’s army was unable to execute from the very start.

Bite 24) Final Stages:

In the final stages of the Scottish Campaign, Dundee captured, during the Commonwealth Scotland was ruled from England and was kept under military occupation with a line of fortification sealing off the Highlands which had provided manpower for the Royalist Army in Scotland from the rest of the country. The North West Highlands was the scene of another Pro Royalist uprising in 1653-1655, which was only put down with the deployment of 6,000 English troops. Their Presbyterians were allowed to practice as before but the Kirks (Scotland Church) did not have the backing of the Civil Court to impose its ruling. Cromwell’s conquest, unwelcome as it was, left no lasting bitterness in Scotland. The rule of the Commonwealth and Protectorate was the Highlands aside, largely peaceful. Moreover, there was no wholesale confiscation of land or properties. 3 out of every 4 Justices of the Peace were Scots. The country was governed jointly by the English Military authorities and with Scotland’s Council of State.

Bite 25) The Dissolution of the Rump Parliament:

From the middle of 1649 to 1651, Cromwell was away from England on Campaign. Meanwhile, with the king gone and with him their common cause, the various factions in Parliament began to engage in fighting. On his return, Cromwell tried to galvanize the Rumps into setting dates for new elections uniting the three Kingdoms into one and to set in place a broad brush tolerant national church. However, his Rump Parliament set no election dates. Although it did put in place a basic liberty of conscience it failed to produce an alternative for tithes or dismantle other aspects of the existing religious settlements. In frustration, in April of 1963, Cromwell demanded that the Rump establish a caretaker committee of 40 members drawn from the Rump and the Army. However, the Rump deliberated its own bill for a new government. Cromwell was enraged. Then in April of 1653, supported by the 40 caretaker members, Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament by force. Cromwell is supposed to have said: “You are no regiment. I will put an end to your sitting!”

(to be continued)

Series 6: The Protectorate: 

One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors. -- Plato (429-347 BC)

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