Daily Bites of Religious Liberty: A Godly Fight: Reference: American Public School History: “Our Land: Our People:” -- Funk’s Encyclopedia Book 3 (1954) pg 2125: also Google Search: Submitted and highlighted by PL Sturgis:
Series 1:
Oliver Cromwell’s Military Career:
Bite 1)Church and State Abuses:
Bite 2)The Great Rebellion:
Bite 3)The New Model Army:
Bite 4) The Commonwealth of England:
Bite 5)A Major Problem:
Series 2:
A Free State:
Bite 6) Instrument of Government:
Bite 7) Ten Military Districts:
Bite 8) The Upper House:
Bite 9) Conducting Foreign Affairs:
Bite 10) Cromwell’s Successor:
Series 3:
A Vigorous Fight:
Bite 11) Cromwell: The Controversial Statesman:
Bite 12) The Spiritual Awakening Letter:
Bite 13) Defending the arrested:
Bite 14) Based on Biblical Imagery:
Bite 15) In God’s Providence:
Series 4:
The Irish Campaign:
Bite 16) The Biggest Single Threat:
Bite 17) A Major Victory:
Bite 18) The Debates of Cromwell’s Retaliation:
Bite 19) Negotiations to Surrender:
Bite 20) Cromwell: Falsely Accused:
Series 5:
The Scottish Campaign:
Bite 21) A Necessary War:
Bite 22) The Battle at Dunbar:
Bite 23) The Battle of Worcester:
Bite 24) Final Stages:
Bite 25) The Dissolution of the Rump Parliament:
Series 6:
The Protectorate:
Bite 26) Oliver P.
Bite 27) Reforming the Social Order:
Bite 28) Spiritual and Moral Reform:
Bite 29) About the Jewish Community:
Bite 30) A Sword of Justice: Not a Crown:
Religious Liberty: A Godly Fight
Series 1: A Major Problem:
Oliver Cromwell’s Military Career:
Bite 1)Church and State Abuses:
Oliver Cromwell was born in 1599 and died in 1658. He was an English soldier and statesman and Lord Protector of England during the Commonwealth. He was born in Huntingdon and educated in Huntingdon at the Free School, under Thomas Beard, an austere Puritan. In 1617 he attended Sidney Sussex College at Cambridge, a stronghold of Puritans. In 1628 Cromwell was elected to represent the borough of Huntingdon in Parliament, and in that body, he began his long series of attacks on the opponents of the Puritans. He was again elected in Parliament from Cambridge County and in that short Parliament joined in protest of abuse in church and state affairs under King Charles 1st. Earlier in the long Parliament with Sir Henry Vane and John Camden, he demanded the abolition of the Episcopacy.
During the first Civil War of England’s Great Rebellion, Oliver Cromwell was active in asserting the authority of Parliament in the Eastern counties and commanded a troop of Cavalry in the battle against the Royalists at Edgehill on October 23,1642. After that battle, he formed a troop of Cavalry “The famous Ironsides” which subsequently grew into two regiments of the best-drilled Cavalry in England. In 1644 Cromwell was appointed Lieutenant General of the Army for the eastern counties and a member of the Parliamentary committee of both Kingdoms, which directed both military and civil problems. In the battle of Marston Moore on July 2nd, he commanded the final charge that defeated the Royalist Forces. Seeking to avoid an open rupture between the Presbyterians in Parliament and the independents in the Army Cromwell proposed a reorganization of the Army Parliament. Thereupon, the Parliament authorized the formation of the “New Model Army” and also passed (April 1645) the “Self Denying Ordinance” which prohibited members of either house of Parliament from holding military commands.
Bite 2)The Great Rebellion:
During the first Civil War of England’s Great Rebellion, Oliver Cromwell was active in asserting the authority of Parliament in the Eastern counties and commanded a troop of Cavalry in the battle against the Royalists at Edgehill on October 23,1642. After that battle, he formed a troop of Cavalry “The famous Ironsides” which subsequently grew into two regiments of the best-drilled Cavalry in England. In 1644 Cromwell was appointed Lieutenant General of the Army for the eastern counties and a member of the Parliamentary committee of both Kingdoms, which directed both military and civil problems. In the battle of Marston Moore on July 2nd, he commanded the final charge that defeated the Royalist Forces. Seeking to avoid an open rupture between the Presbyterians in Parliament and the independents in the Army Cromwell proposed a reorganization of the Army Parliament. Thereupon, the Parliament authorized the formation of the “New Model Army” and also passed (April 1645) the “Self Denying Ordinance” which prohibited members of either house of Parliament from holding military commands.
Bite 3)The New Model Army:
Oliver Cromwell was made Lieutenant General on the staff of the New Model Army and introduced into the whole army the kind of discipline that had made his Cavalry famous. Meanwhile, he took command of the Parliamentary Cavalry on June 14,1645 at Naseby and assured the victory of the final battle in the first civil war in England. When the second civil war broke out with Royalists uprising in Wales, Cromwell was the recognized leader of the army. He led a division to Wales and overcame the Scottish stronghold in Pembroke Castle by starving them into submission. (July 1648) He also defeated the Scots in a 3 day battle near Preston in Lancashire. After the war, Cromwell sat in the high seat of justice that tried King Charles 1st for treason and was one of the signers of the King’s death warrant.
Bite 4) The Commonwealth of England:
In 1649, after the House of Commons had established a Commonwealth,,, or a Free State... Cromwell was put in command of forces sent to reconquer Ireland where a coalition of various parties had overwhelmed the Parliamentary Army. He landed with 3 regiments on August 13th at Dublin. He marched against other Irish towns and in May of 1650 returned to England to undertake an expedition against Scotland. He defeated one Scottish Army at Dunbar on September 3rd, and another commanded by Charles 2nd in person, exactly one year later. The latter defeat in Worcester marked the end of armed resistance to the Commonwealth of England. Cromwell eventually brought Scotland and the Protestant part of Ireland into legislative union with England. It was the first union of the 3 kingdoms and gave them free trade and a better administration of justice.
Bite 5)A Major Problem:
A major problem confronting Oliver Cromwell and the other leaders of the Commonwealth after 1651, was a substitution of the permanent Constitutional Government for the Provisional Government. The Cavaliers had withdrawn from Parliament at the outbreak of the Great Rebellion and the Presbyterian majority had been expelled in Thoman Pride’s Purge in 1648. Consequently, Parliament had left in attendance only between 60 to 70 members. Although the power of these members depended solely upon the support of the victorious Army, they refused to give way to a more truly representative Parliament which the Army demanded. In the course of a prolonged dispute, Cromwell accused those members of Parliament of a breach of good faith and expelled them on April 20, 1653. The only authority left in England was the Council of the Army dominated by Oliver Cromwell as Captain General.
(to be continued)
One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors. -- Plato (429-347 BC)
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